VAT Challenges in the Age of Blockchain: Crypto and NFTs Treatment in the European Union and Beyond

In this article, the author examines the VAT (or GST) challenges posed by cryptocurrencies and NFTs, focusing on the persistent ambiguity over their legal and economic classification on a global scale. This comparative analysis of the European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, Singapore, Switzerland, Mexico, and Canada shows the diverse methodologies employed by various jurisdictions in regulating crypto-asset transactions, encompassing place-of-supply regulations, platform liability and exclusions. The author also highlights the possibility of double taxation arising from these differences, finalizing with her conclusions with policy ideas that seek to achieve tax neutrality in the digital asset sector.