Pakistan’s Income Tax Ordinance 2001 empowers the tax authorities to make amendments or reamendments to assessments of income tax, including in situations where income has escaped assessment due to concealment or underreporting. The income tax law also contains numerous measures to counter tax avoidance and evasion. While these various separate provisions should be complementary, in this article, the author analyses an important issue that arose between taxpayers and tax authorities regarding the interpretation and application of two of these provisions and discusses the decisions of the appellate authorities in resolving the matter.