The author examines decisions of the ECtHR from January 2015 to May 2016 relating to human rights and taxation including the application of the prohibition of double jeopardy; confidentiality, freedom of speech and taxpayer information; retrospective tax legislation; freedom from self-incrimination; confidentiality and privacy; exchange of information and procedural guarantees; discrimination in granting tax reliefs; justifiable discrimination for capital taxes; and the use of tax laws as a means of persecution; as well as recent human rights cases before the ECJ.