This article discusses the position recently taken by the European Court of Justice (ECJ) regarding the impact on customs valuation of the goods of retroactive profit adjustments performed to bring the financial results of the tested party in line with arm’s length results. The article considers issues such as the choice of customs valuation method in case of transfer pricing systems envisaging year-end adjustments, the impact of advance pricing agreements (APAs) on the customs value of the goods, the options available to taxpayers when navigating through the nuances of the interplay between transfer pricing and customs valuation methods.